8+ Technical Product Manager Resume Examples & Samples


8+ Technical Product Manager Resume Examples & Samples

A doc showcasing the talents, expertise, and {qualifications} of a person searching for a job on the intersection of expertise and product administration demonstrates a mix of technical proficiency and product technique experience. A robust instance would spotlight accomplishments in areas akin to defining product roadmaps, collaborating with engineering groups, and launching profitable expertise merchandise.

The sort of doc serves as a essential software for candidates to successfully talk their worth to potential employers. It facilitates matching certified people with open positions requiring a deep understanding of each technical ideas and product improvement lifecycles. In right now’s aggressive job market, a well-crafted presentation of 1’s skilled background on this specialised space is important for profession development.

The next sections will delve into methods for crafting a compelling narrative, highlighting related technical proficiencies, and showcasing impactful contributions throughout the realm of expertise product administration. Particular examples and actionable recommendation will likely be supplied to empower people to create a doc that successfully distinguishes them within the hiring course of.

1. Quantifiable Achievements

Quantifiable achievements kind a cornerstone of a robust technical product supervisor resume. They supply concrete proof of a candidate’s affect and effectiveness. Fairly than merely itemizing duties, quantifying achievements demonstrates the worth dropped at earlier roles. This data-driven method resonates with hiring managers searching for candidates who can ship tangible outcomes. For instance, stating “Elevated cell app downloads by 30% by A/B testing and consumer suggestions evaluation” holds considerably extra weight than “Managed cell app improvement.” Such quantifiable metrics present clear insights right into a candidate’s talents and potential contributions.

This emphasis on information aligns with the analytical nature of technical product administration. The power to measure and analyze product efficiency is essential for fulfillment on this subject. By showcasing quantifiable achievements, candidates show not solely their previous accomplishments but in addition their data-driven mindset. Further examples embody: “Diminished buyer churn by 15% by implementing a brand new onboarding course of,” or “Improved web site conversion charges by 20% by optimized consumer interface design.” These particular, measurable outcomes paint a clearer image of a candidate’s capabilities than generic statements.

Together with quantifiable achievements permits for a extra goal analysis of a candidate’s {qualifications}. It shifts the main target from subjective descriptions to goal information factors, enabling hiring managers to make extra knowledgeable selections. This data-centric method is important within the aggressive panorama of technical product administration, the place demonstrable outcomes are extremely valued. In the end, a resume showcasing quantifiable achievements presents a compelling narrative of affect and positions the candidate as a results-oriented particular person able to driving success.

2. Technical Proficiencies

Technical proficiencies represent a essential element of a technical product supervisor resume. A transparent articulation of those abilities demonstrates a candidate’s skill to successfully interact with engineering groups, perceive technical trade-offs, and contribute to knowledgeable product improvement selections. The precise proficiencies highlighted ought to align with the goal position and firm’s expertise stack. Examples embody programming languages (e.g., Python, Java), cloud platforms (e.g., AWS, Azure), database administration methods (e.g., SQL, NoSQL), and software program improvement methodologies (e.g., Agile, Scrum). A well-structured resume demonstrates these proficiencies with particular examples of their utility in earlier initiatives.

The absence or insufficient presentation of technical abilities can considerably hinder a candidate’s prospects. In a subject requiring a deep understanding of expertise, an absence of demonstrable technical proficiency alerts a possible hole in important competencies. This could result in recruiters overlooking certified candidates. Conversely, showcasing related technical abilities enhances a resume’s affect, signaling a candidate’s skill to contribute successfully to technical discussions and selections. For instance, a technical product supervisor engaged on a machine studying product ought to spotlight expertise with related ML frameworks and instruments. Equally, expertise with particular API integrations or cybersecurity protocols could be extremely useful relying on the position’s necessities.

Efficient communication of technical abilities requires greater than merely itemizing key phrases. Candidates ought to present context by demonstrating how these abilities had been utilized in earlier initiatives. This could contain quantifying contributions or outlining particular problem-solving eventualities the place technical experience performed a key position. By weaving technical proficiencies right into a narrative of accomplishment, candidates not solely show their abilities but in addition spotlight their sensible utility and ensuing affect. This method enhances a resume’s credibility and differentiates a candidate from these with merely theoretical information.

3. Product Lifecycle Experience

Product lifecycle experience is a elementary requirement for technical product managers, and its efficient communication inside a resume is essential for conveying a candidate’s strategic understanding and sensible expertise. A deep understanding of every stage, from ideation and improvement to launch, progress, maturity, and decline, permits technical product managers to make knowledgeable selections that maximize product success. Demonstrating this experience on a resume requires greater than merely itemizing product lifecycle phases; it necessitates showcasing sensible utility and quantifiable outcomes achieved by efficient lifecycle administration. For instance, a candidate may describe their contribution to a product’s progress part by highlighting particular methods applied to extend market share or consumer engagement, supported by metrics demonstrating the affect of those initiatives. Equally, expertise managing merchandise by difficult maturity or decline phases, together with methods for revitalization or sunsetting, could be useful differentiators.

A failure to successfully talk product lifecycle experience can undermine a resume’s effectiveness, portraying a candidate as missing the strategic imaginative and prescient required for profitable product administration. Hiring managers search people able to navigating the complexities of every lifecycle stage and making data-driven selections to optimize product efficiency. Sensible examples demonstrating a candidate’s involvement in numerous lifecycle phases, coupled with quantifiable outcomes achieved by strategic interventions, maintain vital weight. One may spotlight expertise main the event of a brand new product from ideation to launch, outlining key milestones achieved and challenges overcome. One other instance may contain demonstrating experience in extending the lifecycle of a mature product by modern characteristic enhancements or market growth methods, supported by metrics showcasing optimistic outcomes.

In conclusion, conveying product lifecycle experience is important for a robust technical product supervisor resume. It demonstrates a candidate’s strategic pondering, sensible expertise, and skill to drive product success all through its lifecycle. By showcasing particular examples of their contributions at every stage, supported by quantifiable outcomes, candidates can successfully talk their worth and differentiate themselves in a aggressive job market. This deep understanding, mixed with the flexibility to adapt methods to totally different lifecycle phases, is a trademark of a profitable technical product supervisor.

4. Management and Collaboration

Management and collaboration are integral elements of a profitable technical product supervisor’s skillset and have to be clearly articulated inside a resume. This position usually necessitates influencing cross-functional groups with out direct authority, requiring robust management qualities to drive consensus and obtain product objectives. Efficient collaboration ensures alignment between engineering, design, advertising, and gross sales groups, maximizing product improvement effectivity and market success. A resume ought to show management expertise by examples of main initiatives, mentoring workforce members, or driving strategic initiatives. Collaboration abilities could be showcased by highlighting contributions to cross-functional initiatives, profitable battle decision, and efficient communication inside various groups. For instance, main the event of a brand new product characteristic by coordinating efforts throughout a number of groups demonstrates each management and collaboration.

A resume missing demonstrable management and collaboration abilities can sign potential difficulties in navigating advanced organizational dynamics and attaining cross-functional alignment. Technical product managers function inside a matrixed surroundings, necessitating efficient communication and affect throughout totally different departments. Lack of ability to show management and collaboration expertise could increase considerations relating to a candidate’s capability to successfully lead groups, handle stakeholders, and drive consensus in the direction of shared targets. Offering concrete examples of main groups to realize particular outcomes or efficiently collaborating with different departments to beat challenges strengthens a resume significantly. Examples may embody main the implementation of a brand new agile improvement course of or efficiently collaborating with the advertising workforce to launch a brand new product.

Highlighting management and collaboration experiences by quantifiable achievements and concrete examples enhances a technical product supervisor resume’s affect. As an alternative of merely itemizing management and collaboration as abilities, offering context and demonstrating affect by quantifiable outcomes paints a clearer image of a candidate’s capabilities. For example, stating “Led a cross-functional workforce to ship a brand new product characteristic on time and inside finances, leading to a 20% enhance in consumer engagement” gives a extra compelling narrative than merely stating “Possesses robust management and collaboration abilities.” Such examples underscore a candidate’s skill to not solely lead and collaborate but in addition ship tangible outcomes, considerably strengthening their candidacy.

5. Strategic Considering

Strategic pondering is a essential competency for technical product managers, and its efficient communication inside a resume is important. This talent allows product managers to align product improvement with total enterprise targets, anticipate market developments, and make knowledgeable selections that maximize product success. A resume ought to clearly show a candidate’s skill to assume strategically, offering concrete examples of how this talent has been utilized in earlier roles to realize optimistic outcomes. Merely stating “possesses strategic pondering abilities” is inadequate; the resume should showcase the sensible utility of this competency.

  • Market Evaluation and Aggressive Positioning

    Understanding market dynamics, aggressive landscapes, and rising developments is essential for strategic product improvement. A technical product supervisor should have the ability to analyze market information, establish alternatives and threats, and place merchandise successfully to realize a aggressive edge. A resume may spotlight expertise conducting market analysis, analyzing competitor methods, or creating product positioning methods that resulted in elevated market share or income progress. For instance, “Carried out market analysis to establish unmet buyer wants, ensuing within the improvement of a brand new product characteristic that elevated consumer engagement by 25%.”

  • Imaginative and prescient and Roadmap Improvement

    Defining a transparent product imaginative and prescient and creating a strategic roadmap are important for aligning product improvement with enterprise targets. This includes setting long-term objectives, prioritizing options, and outlining a transparent path for product evolution. A resume may showcase expertise creating product roadmaps that aligned with firm targets and resulted in profitable product launches or vital progress. For instance, “Developed a product roadmap that aligned with the corporate’s strategic objectives, ensuing within the profitable launch of a brand new product line that generated $10 million in income throughout the first 12 months.”

  • Useful resource Allocation and Prioritization

    Efficient useful resource allocation and prioritization are essential for maximizing product improvement effectivity. Strategic pondering allows technical product managers to allocate sources successfully, prioritize options based mostly on their affect and feasibility, and make trade-off selections that optimize useful resource utilization. A resume may spotlight expertise making strategic useful resource allocation selections that resulted in on-time and within-budget challenge supply or maximized return on funding. For instance, “Prioritized characteristic improvement based mostly on consumer suggestions and enterprise worth, leading to a 20% discount in improvement time and a 15% enhance in buyer satisfaction.”

  • Danger Evaluation and Mitigation

    Strategic thinkers anticipate potential dangers and develop mitigation methods to attenuate unfavourable affect on product improvement. This includes figuring out potential challenges, assessing their chance and potential affect, and creating proactive methods to mitigate these dangers. A resume may show expertise figuring out and mitigating dangers that might have impacted product launch timelines, finances, or market success. For example, “Recognized a possible technical threat that might have delayed the product launch by three months and developed a mitigation technique that saved the challenge on observe and inside finances.”

By demonstrating these aspects of strategic pondering inside a resume, candidates showcase their skill to research market dynamics, develop a transparent product imaginative and prescient, allocate sources successfully, and mitigate potential dangers. These abilities are important for driving product success and aligning product improvement with total enterprise targets, making them extremely sought-after qualities in technical product administration roles. A resume that successfully communicates these competencies considerably strengthens a candidate’s profile and will increase their possibilities of securing a desired place.

6. Drawback-solving talents

Drawback-solving talents are elementary for technical product managers and must be prominently showcased inside a resume. This position requires navigating advanced technical challenges, conflicting stakeholder priorities, and quickly evolving market dynamics. A well-crafted resume demonstrates a candidate’s analytical pondering, modern approaches to drawback decision, and skill to make data-driven selections below strain. The power to successfully talk problem-solving abilities is essential for conveying a candidate’s suitability for this demanding position.

  • Technical Troubleshooting

    Figuring out and resolving technical points is a core side of technical product administration. This includes understanding advanced methods, diagnosing root causes, and creating efficient options. Examples embody debugging software program defects, resolving integration challenges, or optimizing system efficiency. A resume may spotlight expertise troubleshooting essential technical points that impacted product performance or consumer expertise, emphasizing the candidate’s technical acumen and problem-solving method. For instance, “Recognized and resolved a essential database efficiency concern that was impacting consumer expertise, leading to a 30% enchancment in utility response time.”

  • Stakeholder Administration and Battle Decision

    Balancing competing priorities amongst stakeholders requires efficient communication, negotiation, and battle decision abilities. Technical product managers should navigate various views, construct consensus, and make selections that fulfill numerous stakeholders whereas aligning with product objectives. A resume may showcase expertise mediating conflicts between engineering and design groups, negotiating characteristic prioritization with stakeholders, or resolving disagreements on product technique. For example, “Efficiently mediated a battle between engineering and design groups relating to characteristic implementation, leading to a compromise that happy each groups and maintained challenge timelines.”

  • Information Evaluation and Determination-Making

    Information evaluation performs an important position in knowledgeable decision-making inside technical product administration. Analyzing information from numerous sources, akin to consumer suggestions, market analysis, and product efficiency metrics, permits product managers to establish issues, consider potential options, and make data-driven selections. A resume ought to spotlight expertise utilizing information evaluation to tell product improvement selections, remedy product efficiency points, or establish alternatives for enchancment. An instance could be, “Analyzed consumer suggestions information to establish a recurring usability concern, resulting in a redesign of the consumer interface that improved buyer satisfaction by 20%.”

  • Adaptability and Innovation

    Within the dynamic panorama of expertise, adaptability and innovation are important for efficient problem-solving. Technical product managers should have the ability to adapt to altering market situations, embrace new applied sciences, and develop modern options to handle rising challenges. A resume may showcase expertise adapting product technique to altering market calls for, implementing new applied sciences to enhance product efficiency, or creating modern options to handle unexpected challenges. For instance, “Pivoted product technique based mostly on altering market calls for, leading to a 15% enhance in market share inside six months.”

Demonstrating a robust observe file in these problem-solving areas positions a candidate as a succesful and resourceful problem-solver. This strengthens the general affect of a technical product supervisor resume, growing its effectiveness in conveying a candidate’s suitability for roles demanding analytical pondering, modern options, and data-driven decision-making in a fast-paced technological surroundings.

7. Communication Expertise

Efficient communication is paramount for technical product managers, serving because the linchpin connecting technical experience with enterprise technique. A resume should clearly show a candidate’s proficiency in conveying advanced technical info to each technical and non-technical audiences. This encompasses clear and concise writing, impactful displays, lively listening, and the flexibility to tailor communication fashion to varied stakeholders. A robust resume showcases these communication abilities by concrete examples and quantifiable achievements, emphasizing their contribution to product success.

  • Technical Communication

    Translating advanced technical ideas into accessible language for non-technical stakeholders, akin to executives, advertising groups, or purchasers, is essential. This includes simplifying technical jargon, utilizing visible aids successfully, and specializing in the enterprise implications of technical selections. A resume may spotlight expertise presenting technical roadmaps to govt management, explaining technical trade-offs to advertising groups, or speaking technical limitations to purchasers in a transparent and comprehensible method. For instance, “Efficiently offered a fancy technical roadmap to the chief management workforce, securing buy-in for a $2 million finances allocation.”

  • Product Imaginative and prescient and Technique Communication

    Articulating a compelling product imaginative and prescient and technique to encourage and inspire groups is important. This includes successfully speaking the product’s objective, audience, and key options to make sure alignment and drive collective effort in the direction of attaining product objectives. A resume may showcase expertise presenting product imaginative and prescient to improvement groups, securing stakeholder buy-in for product technique, or speaking product updates to clients. For example, “Communicated the product imaginative and prescient to a cross-functional workforce of 20 engineers, designers, and entrepreneurs, leading to a shared understanding and dedication to attaining product objectives.”

  • Collaboration and Suggestions

    Efficient collaboration and suggestions are elementary for profitable product improvement. This includes actively listening to suggestions from stakeholders, clearly speaking expectations, and facilitating constructive dialogue inside groups. A resume may show expertise gathering consumer suggestions to tell product improvement, offering constructive suggestions to engineering groups, or facilitating workshops to collect stakeholder enter. For instance, “Facilitated a collection of consumer suggestions workshops that gathered insights from over 100 customers, resulting in vital enhancements in product usability.”

  • Negotiation and Persuasion

    Negotiation and persuasion abilities are essential for influencing stakeholders and securing buy-in for product selections. This includes successfully presenting arguments, addressing considerations, and discovering frequent floor to realize desired outcomes. A resume may spotlight expertise negotiating characteristic prioritization with stakeholders, persuading govt management to spend money on new product improvement, or securing buy-in from engineering groups for difficult technical implementations. An instance could be, “Efficiently negotiated characteristic prioritization with key stakeholders, leading to a product roadmap that aligned with enterprise targets and consumer wants.”

A technical product supervisor resume that successfully communicates these aspects of communication strengthens a candidate’s profile considerably. By showcasing a demonstrable skill to speak successfully with various audiences, the resume portrays a candidate well-equipped to navigate the complexities of product improvement, construct robust relationships with stakeholders, and finally drive product success by clear and impactful communication.

8. Related Key phrases

Related key phrases play an important position within the effectiveness of a technical product supervisor resume. Applicant Monitoring Programs (ATS), generally utilized by recruiters and hiring managers, scan resumes for particular key phrases to establish candidates matching job necessities. A resume missing related key phrases could also be ignored, even when the candidate possesses the mandatory abilities and expertise. Strategic key phrase inclusion will increase the visibility of a resume to ATS and recruiters, enhancing the chance of securing an interview. Key phrases ought to replicate the particular applied sciences, methodologies, and abilities outlined within the job description, demonstrating a candidate’s alignment with the goal position. For instance, a resume concentrating on a job involving cloud-based product improvement ought to embody key phrases like “AWS,” “Azure,” “cloud infrastructure,” or “microservices,” assuming these align with the job description’s necessities. Equally, if the position emphasizes information evaluation, key phrases like “SQL,” “information visualization,” “A/B testing,” or “consumer analytics” grow to be essential.

The affect of key phrase optimization extends past ATS compatibility. Recruiters and hiring managers usually carry out key phrase searches inside databases of submitted resumes. A resume wealthy in related key phrases will increase its searchability, permitting recruiters to readily establish and contemplate candidates whose profiles align with their necessities. This proactive method to key phrase inclusion displays a candidate’s understanding of business finest practices and their dedication to presenting a compelling and aggressive resume. For example, a resume searching for a job involving agile improvement ought to incorporate key phrases like “Scrum,” “Kanban,” “dash planning,” or “consumer tales,” assuming these are related to the goal position. Conversely, stuffing a resume with irrelevant key phrases is counterproductive, doubtlessly signaling an absence of real experience or a misalignment with the place’s necessities.

In conclusion, strategic key phrase inclusion is important for maximizing a technical product supervisor resume’s effectiveness. It ensures ATS compatibility, improves searchability by recruiters, and demonstrates a candidate’s understanding of the goal position’s necessities. By aligning key phrases with the particular applied sciences, methodologies, and abilities outlined within the job description, candidates can considerably enhance their visibility and improve their prospects in a aggressive job market. The cautious choice and integration of related key phrases, somewhat than indiscriminate key phrase stuffing, is essential to attaining optimum outcomes and presenting a compelling skilled profile.

Incessantly Requested Questions

This part addresses frequent inquiries relating to the creation and optimization of a technical product supervisor resume.

Query 1: How can technical proficiencies be successfully showcased with out overwhelming the reader?

Deal with the applied sciences most related to the goal position, offering concise examples of their utility and quantifiable achievements demonstrating their affect. Keep away from itemizing each technical talent acquired; prioritize these immediately relevant to the specified place.

Query 2: What methods could be employed to quantify achievements on a resume, particularly for contributions that aren’t simply measured numerically?

Even contributions with out direct numerical metrics could be quantified. For instance, enhancements to consumer expertise could be described by stating “Improved consumer satisfaction by 15% as measured by post-release surveys,” or course of enhancements could be quantified as “Streamlined the product improvement course of, decreasing cycle time by 20%.” Deal with the affect of the contribution and discover methods to specific that affect, even when not directly, by information or metrics.

Query 3: How regularly ought to a technical product supervisor resume be up to date?

Common updates are beneficial, ideally each three to 6 months, even when not actively searching for new alternatives. This ensures the resume displays present abilities, experiences, and achievements, sustaining its relevance and readiness for potential alternatives. Replace the resume instantly after finishing a major challenge, buying a brand new talent, or attaining a notable accomplishment.

Query 4: What are the most typical errors to keep away from when crafting a technical product supervisor resume?

Frequent pitfalls embody neglecting to quantify achievements, specializing in duties somewhat than accomplishments, utilizing generic language, omitting related key phrases, and exceeding an affordable size (ideally one to 2 pages). Moreover, neglecting to tailor the resume to every particular job utility can considerably diminish its affect.

Query 5: How can a resume successfully convey management and collaboration abilities when a candidate hasn’t held a proper administration title?

Management and collaboration could be demonstrated even with out formal administration expertise. Spotlight situations of main initiatives, mentoring colleagues, influencing technical selections, or contributing to profitable cross-functional teamwork. Deal with the affect of those contributions, showcasing how they benefited the workforce or group.

Query 6: How necessary is the visible presentation and formatting of a technical product supervisor resume?

A clear, well-organized, and simply readable format is essential. Use clear part headings, bullet factors, and concise language to facilitate fast comprehension. A visually interesting resume enhances readability and professionalism, growing the chance of capturing a recruiter’s consideration. Nonetheless, prioritize content material and relevance over extreme design components, guaranteeing the resume stays ATS-compatible.

By addressing these regularly requested questions, candidates achieve useful insights into optimizing their resumes for technical product administration roles. A well-crafted resume, knowledgeable by these concerns, enhances a candidate’s prospects in a aggressive job market.

The subsequent part will present concrete examples and templates to additional help within the improvement of a compelling technical product supervisor resume.

Suggestions for Crafting a Sturdy Technical Product Supervisor Resume

The following tips provide steerage for making a resume that successfully communicates a candidate’s {qualifications} for technical product administration roles.

Tip 1: Quantify Achievements: Showcase affect by quantifying achievements with metrics and information. As an alternative of stating “Managed product improvement,” present specifics akin to “Elevated consumer engagement by 20% by the implementation of a brand new characteristic set.” Quantifiable outcomes show worth and supply concrete proof of contributions.

Tip 2: Tailor to the Goal Position: Fastidiously overview the job description and tailor the resume to align with the particular necessities and key phrases talked about. Spotlight related abilities and experiences that immediately handle the goal firm’s wants. Generic resumes usually lack affect.

Tip 3: Showcase Technical Proficiency: Reveal technical experience by itemizing related programming languages, software program improvement methodologies, cloud platforms, and different technical abilities aligned with the goal position. Present context by showcasing how these abilities had been utilized in earlier initiatives.

Tip 4: Spotlight Product Sense: Articulate a deep understanding of the product lifecycle, from ideation to launch and past. Showcase expertise in market evaluation, aggressive positioning, product technique improvement, and consumer analysis. Reveal the flexibility to make data-driven product selections.

Tip 5: Emphasize Management and Collaboration: Present examples of main groups, collaborating successfully with cross-functional stakeholders, and influencing technical selections. Even with out formal administration expertise, showcase management by challenge possession and contributions to workforce success.

Tip 6: Reveal Drawback-Fixing Skills: Spotlight analytical abilities and the flexibility to method advanced technical challenges with modern options. Present examples of efficiently resolving technical points, mitigating dangers, and making data-driven selections in difficult conditions.

Tip 7: Talk Successfully: Showcase robust communication abilities by demonstrating the flexibility to convey advanced technical info clearly and concisely to each technical and non-technical audiences. Present examples of profitable displays, technical documentation, and stakeholder communication.

Tip 8: Optimize for Applicant Monitoring Programs (ATS): Incorporate related key phrases all through the resume to make sure compatibility with ATS, generally utilized by recruiters to display candidates. Align key phrases with the particular applied sciences, methodologies, and abilities outlined within the job description.

By implementing the following tips, candidates can create a compelling and aggressive resume that successfully communicates their {qualifications} for technical product administration roles. A well-crafted resume considerably enhances visibility to recruiters and will increase the chance of securing an interview.

The next conclusion summarizes the important thing takeaways for creating a robust technical product supervisor resume.

Conclusion

Crafting a compelling technical product supervisor resume requires a strategic method, emphasizing not simply technical abilities but in addition product imaginative and prescient, management, and communication talents. Quantifiable achievements, tailor-made content material aligning with goal roles, and efficient key phrase optimization are important for maximizing visibility and affect. A robust resume demonstrates a candidate’s skill to bridge the hole between expertise and enterprise, driving product success by strategic pondering, efficient collaboration, and data-driven decision-making. It serves as a essential software for conveying a candidate’s worth proposition and securing a aggressive edge within the job market.

The evolving panorama of expertise calls for steady adaptation and refinement of abilities. A dedication to ongoing skilled improvement, coupled with a data-driven method to product administration, ensures sustained relevance and profession development. A well-crafted technical product supervisor resume represents not only a snapshot of previous accomplishments, however a testomony to a candidate’s potential to contribute to future innovation and product management.